06 December What is Polkadot (DOT)?
in education
Polkadot (DOT) has emerged as one of the most innovative projects in the Web3 space, offering a unique approach to scalability, interoperability, and security. Today, we'll delve into the world of Polkadot, exploring its goals, the underlying technology, and the driving force behind its growing popularity in the cryptocurrency community.
Developed as a multi-chain framework, Polkadot is characterized by its ability to connect different blockchains into a unified network, allowing them to work together seamlessly. This capability not only solves the long-standing problem of blockchain technology isolation and data silos, but also paves the way for a more integrated and efficient digital future. As we unravel the layers of Polkadot, we'll understand how it's redefining the blockchain landscape and why it's quickly becoming an essential technology in the world of decentralized applications.
Dotted
Envisioned by Dr. Gavin Wood, one of the founders of Ethereum, Polkadot emerged as an answer to the pressing challenges of scalability and interoperability in the blockchain ecosystem. Launched in 2020, it was designed to enable different blockchains to communicate and share information in a secure, trust-free environment. This revolutionary multi-chain framework connects different “umbrella chains,” or parallel blockchains, each optimized for specific use cases or functionality, to a central relay chain.
The Relay Chain, the heart of Polkadot, is responsible for the network's shared security, consensus, and cross-chain interoperability. It allows transactions to spread across multiple chains, reducing the burden on any single chain and thus enhancing scalability and efficiency. Umbrella chains are able to customize their features to specific needs while taking advantage of the security and interoperability that a chain relay provides.
Polkadot also uses an innovative governance model where all token holders have a say in the future of the network. This includes voting on proposed upgrades and changes, which can be implemented without the need to fork the network, ensuring a dynamic and evolving ecosystem.
Furthermore, the network uses a specific Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism, which is more energy efficient than Proof-of-Work systems and allows for greater scalability. In this system, token holders can stake DOT (Polkadot native token) to secure the network, participate in management and earn rewards.
How Polkadot works
Polkadot is designed to address some of the most pressing challenges facing Web3 blockchains, namely interoperability, scalability, and upgradability. Its unique architecture and design principles make it stand out in the Web3 scene.
The relay chain is at the heart of Polkadot's architecture, responsible for network security, consensus, and cross-chain interoperability. It does not process regular transactions, but rather coordinates the system as a whole, including the various umbrellas.
Parachains in Polkadot are independent blockchain chains that operate in parallel within the Polkadot network. Each parachain can have its own tokens, management rules, and be tailored to specific use cases (e.g. smart contracts, file storage, identity management, etc.). They leverage the Relay Chain's computing resources to confirm the accuracy of the transactions they process.
Polkadot is also leveraging umbrellas, which are functionally similar to umbrella chains but with a more flexible communication model. Parathreads are ideal for blockchains that do not require a constant network connection.
Polkadot also uses cross-bridges. These are special types of umbrellas or chains that connect Polkadot to external networks such as Ethereum and Bitcoin, enabling interoperability between Polkadot and other blockchains.
Polkadot uses a different type of proof of stake called designated proof of stake (NPoS). In this system, validators secure the network by signing DOT, Polkadot's native token, while candidates support validators with their DOT stakes. This system is designed to be more energy efficient and safe.
Polkadot also features an on-chain governance system where all stakeholders have a voice. Changes to the network are proposed and voted on by DOT holders, allowing Polkadot to adapt and upgrade without hard forking.
Why Polkadot is unique
Polkadot is more than just a traditional Web3 chain, it is a blockchain of blockchains (often called a multi-chain network). It aims to create a fully interoperable and scalable network of blockchains, allowing diverse applications to communicate and work together efficiently. This vision, if fully realized, could dramatically expand the capabilities and reach of Web3.
Polkadot is designed to enable different blockchains to transfer messages and value in a trust-free manner, connecting a variety of networks. This level of interoperability goes beyond mere token transfers, allowing a wide range of data and asset types to be shared across private, public, permissionless and permissionless blockchains.
Polkadot's new shared security model (also known as pooled security) allows multiple chains (umbrella chains) to benefit from the collective security of the Polkadot network. This means that even smaller blockchains can benefit from strong security without having to create their own network of miners or validators.
The network's ability to process multiple transactions on different umbrella chains simultaneously allows for greater scalability. This parallel processing capability is an important step toward solving the scalability issues faced by legacy blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum.
What is the Polkadot ecosystem?
- Polkadot relay chain: The core of the Polkadot network, the relay chain, is responsible for network security, consensus, and cross-chain interoperability. It connects different umbrellas and facilitates communication between them.
- Umbrellas: These are independent blockchains that connect to the relay chain. Each parachain can be customized for specific use cases, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), gaming, identity management, or data storage. They benefit from the shared security and interoperability provided by the relay chain.
- Parathreads: Similar to parachains but with a pay-as-you-go model, Parathread chains are more cost-effective for blockchains that do not need constant connection to the Polkadot network.
- Bridges: These umbrellas or private chains enable Polkadot to connect and communicate with external blockchains such as Ethereum and Bitcoin, allowing for interoperability and transfer of data and value across different blockchain networks.
- Pedestal frame: Developed by Parity Technologies, Substrate is a blockchain building framework used to create custom chains and blockchains. It provides flexibility and ease of development, significantly reducing the barrier to creating a blockchain.
What is the DOT code?
- The DOT token is the native cryptocurrency of the Polkadot network, and plays a central role in the operation and management of the Polkadot ecosystem. As a multi-faceted digital asset, DOT serves several key purposes within the Polkadot ecosystem.
- Governance: Dot holders have governance rights, which means they can participate in the decision-making processes of the Polkadot network. This includes voting on proposed changes to the protocol, such as upgrades and network parameters. This governance model is a key aspect of Polkadot's community-oriented approach, ensuring that the network evolves in line with the interests and needs of its users.
- Staking: Polkadot operates on a Proof of Stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism. DOT holders can stake their tokens to support network security and operations. By signing the DOT, owners can become auditors or nominees (supporting auditors) in the network. This process is necessary to secure the relay chain, validate transactions, and create new blocks. Bettors are incentivized for their participation through accumulated bonuses.
- Tethering: DOT “tethering” tokens are used to link parachutes to the Polkadot Relay Chain. Projects that want to launch their own Umbrella Chain must reserve a certain amount of DOT as long as they want to stay connected to the grid. This interconnectedness ensures that parachutes have a vested interest in the health and security of the network.
- Facilitating interoperability: As the main currency of the Polkadot network, DOT is used in transactions and interoperability functions. It helps facilitate various operations across Polkadot's interconnected blockchain ecosystem.
- Network Fees: DOT is used to pay transaction fees on the network, which helps prevent spam transactions and contributes to the overall stability and efficiency of the Polkadot system.
Polkadot Technomics
Polkadot route map
Ongoing developments: improvements after launch
Polkadot has undergone various improvements after its launch. This includes the introduction of XCM, Polkadot's standard for cross-consensus messaging, improvements to the Cross-Chain Message Passing Protocol (XCMP), advancements in management systems, and thread starting.
All of these updates, along with any future modifications, can be implemented through Polkadot's on-chain management community. This will happen after completing a comprehensive process that includes development, testing, benchmarking and a comprehensive audit.
How to buy DOT on Bitfinex
How to buy DOT with cryptocurrencies
1. Log in to your Bitfinex account or register to create an account.
2. Go to the deposit page.
3. In the Cryptocurrencies section, choose the cryptocurrency you plan to buy DOT with and create an Exchange wallet deposit address.
4. Send the crypto to the generated deposit address.
5. Once the funds arrive in your wallet, you can exchange them for DOT. Learn how to trade on Bitfinex here.
How to buy DOT with fiat currency
1. Log in to your Bitfinex account or register to create an account.
2. You need to get full verification to be able to deposit fiat currencies into your Bitfinex account. Learn about the different verification levels here.
3. On the Deposit page, under the Bank Wire menu, choose the fiat currency for your deposit. There are minimum fiat deposits on Bitfinex; Learn more here.
4. Check your registered Bitfinex email to get the transfer details.
5. Send money.
6. Once the funds arrive in your wallet, you can use them to buy DOT.
We also have Bitfinex on mobile, so you can easily buy DOT on the go.
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DOT Community Channels
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