Victories over Jabeur, Azarenka and Daria Kasatkina on the WTA Tour last year drew attention to Noskova, but this is the biggest win of her young career.
She is the first teenager to beat the world number one in a Grand Slam since Petra Kvitova beat Dinara Safina at the US Open in 2009.
After two close sets, Noskova broke her serve to lead 2-1 in the deciding set, then Swiatek returned her serve before returning the decisive serve at 4-3.
The four-time Grand Slam champion put the pressure on at 30-30 when Noskova served, but the Czech fired an ace before her powerful first serve helped seal the win.
For Swiatek, it is her first Grand Slam exit since 2022, although her mixed fortunes continue in Melbourne where her semi-final appearance was the only time she has made it past the fourth round in six attempts.
This year she almost lost in the second round, where she had to come back from a 4-1 deficit in the third set against Danielle Collins, and after Saturday's defeat, she admitted that she was “more nervous” this week compared to other tournaments on the tour.
“I feel like I did everything I could in the preseason to improve on some of the things I wanted to improve,” she said.
“Then I came here and I wasn't playing normally anymore [and] “Reactions are a little slower.”
She said that the defeat in the fourth round last year “knocked her off balance” but that she wanted to “get back to work” this year.
“I know I will have a lot of opportunities during the season to show my game,” she added.